Ch 1: More Basics and Theory

In this chapter you will learn some music terms and theory that were not covered in the introductory book, Guitar Chords and Accompaniment. Commonly found in a songbook or lead sheet, the terms and symbols explained in this chapter are directions that help a performer to play music better and more expressively. The three types of directions relate to changes of tempo, dynamics, and articulation. As subtle as these directions may look, they are important elements that breathe life into music. As a matter of fact, without them, music would become toneless and lifeless. In addition, you will review and learn more about time signature, meter, and chord symbols.

CHANGE OF TEMPO

As you may remember, tempo refers to the speed at which music is to be played. The tempo is indicated at the beginning of the music by a descriptive term and/or a metronomic setting. Although the initial tempo is normally maintained throughout the performance, it can sometimes be slowed down or accelerated intentionally to create a certain mood or effect. For instance, a portion of a song may speed up gradually to heighten the excitement, or the tempo may slow down at the end of a section to create a dramatic feeling. The following Italian terms or their symbols are commonly used to change the tempo during the performance:

TERMS	MEANING	SYMBOLS
Rallentando	Slow down	rall.
Ritardando	Slow down gradually	rit.
Allargando	Slow down with increasing loudness	allarg.
Accelerando	Accelerate	accel.
Stringendo	Play at a faster tempo	string.
Fermata	Hold	�
Rubato	Play freely (free tempo)	rubato
A tempo	In tempo (return to the original tempo)	a tempo

(from More Guitar Chords and Accompaniment-2nd edition)